This article is about the music writing style. For other uses, see Country music ( disambiguation )
Country ( besides called country and western ) is a music genre of democratic music that originated with blues, [ 2 ] church service music such as Southern gospel and spirituals, [ 3 ] [ 4 ] old-time, and American folk music forms including appalachian, Cajun, Creole, Hawaiian, and the cowboy Western music styles of New Mexico, Red Dirt, Tejano, and Texas state. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Its popularize roots originate in the Southern and Southwestern United States of the early 1920s.
Reading: Country music – Wikipedia
Country music much consists of ballads and barrelhouse dance tunes with by and large simpleton shape, family lyrics, and harmonies often accompanied by string instruments such as electric and acoustic guitars, sword guitars ( such as bicycle steels and dobros ), banjos, and fiddles vitamin a good as harmonica. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its record history. [ 14 ] The terminus country music gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to hillbilly music, with “ country music ” being used today to describe many styles and subgenres. It came to encompass western music, which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from exchangeable roots, in the mid-20th century. In 2009, in the United States, state music was the most listen to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, and second most popular in the dawn commute. [ 15 ] The origins of nation music are found in the folk music of working class Americans and propertyless american animation. [ 16 ] It has diachronic roots in the autochthonal music of North America, Celtic music, early music of the british Isles, jota, irish traditional music, singing cowboys, corrido, ranchera, norteño, french family music, african-american music, and other traditional tribe music traditions .
Origins [edit ]
The main components of the modern nation music expressive style date back to music traditions throughout the Southern United States and Southwestern United States, while its place in american popular music was established in the 1920s during the early days of music read. [ 17 ] According to state historian Bill C. Malone, nation music was “ introduced to the world as a southern phenomenon. ” [ 18 ] migration into the southern Appalachian Mountains, of the Southeastern United States, brought the family music and instruments of Europe, Africa, and the Mediterranean Basin along with it for about 300 years, which developed into appalachian music. As the area expanded westbound, the Mississippi River and Louisiana became a crossroads for area music, giving rise to Cajun music. In the Southwestern United States, it was the Rocky Mountains, American frontier, and Rio Grande that acted as a like backdrop for native American, Mexican, and cowboy ballads, which resulted in New Mexico music and the exploitation of western music, and its directly related Red Dirt, Texas area, and Tejano music styles. In the Asia-Pacific, the steel guitar sound of country music had its birthplace in the music of Hawaii. [ 19 ]
Role of East Tennessee [edit ]
The U.S. Congress has formally recognized Bristol, Tennessee as the “ Birthplace of Country Music ”, [ 20 ] based on the historic Bristol recording sessions of 1927. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] [ 23 ] Since 2014, the city has been home to the Birthplace of Country Music Museum. [ 24 ] [ 25 ] Historians have besides noted the influence of the less-known Johnson City sessions of 1928 and 1929, [ 26 ] [ 27 ] and the Knoxville sessions of 1929 and 1930. [ 28 ] In accession, the Mountain City Fiddlers Convention, held in 1925, helped to inspire modern country music. Before these, pioneer settlers, in the Great Smoky Mountains region, had developed a rich musical inheritance. [ 29 ]
Generations [edit ]
The first coevals emerged in the 1920s, with Atlanta ‘s music setting playing a major character in launching nation ‘s earliest recording artists. James Gideon “ Gid ” Tanner ( 1885–1960 ) was an american old-time tinkerer and one of the earliest stars of what would come to be known as state music. His set, the Skillet Lickers, was one of the most advanced and influential string bands of the 1920s and 1930s. Its most noteworthy members were Clayton McMichen ( fiddle and outspoken ), Dan Hornsby ( vocals ), Riley Puckett ( guitar and vocal music ) and Robert Lee Sweat ( guitar ). New York City record label Okeh Records began issuing hillbilly music records by Fiddlin ‘ John Carson vitamin a early as 1923, followed by Columbia Records ( series 15000D “ Old Familiar Tunes ” ) ( Samantha Bumgarner ) in 1924, and RCA Victor Records in 1927 with the first celebrated pioneers of the genre Jimmie Rodgers, who is widely considered the “ Father of Country Music ”, and the first family of nation music the Carter Family. [ 30 ] many “ hillbilly ” musicians recorded blues songs throughout the 1920s. [ 31 ] During the moment generation ( 1930s–1940s ), radio receiver became a democratic source of entertainment, and “ barn dance ” shows featuring area music were started all over the South, as far north as Chicago, and as far west as California. The most authoritative was the Grand Ole Opry, aired starting in 1925 by WSM in Nashville and continuing to the present day. During the 1930s and 1940s, cowboy songs, or western music, which had been recorded since the 1920s, were popularized by films made in Hollywood, many featuring Gene Autry, who was known as king of the “ scorch cowboy ”, and Hank Williams. Bob Wills was another nation musician from the Lower Great Plains who had become very popular as the drawing card of a “ hot string band, ” and who besides appeared in Hollywood westerns. His mix of area and wind, which started out as dancing mansion music, would become known as western swing. Wills was one of the first area musicians known to have added an electric guitar to his band, in 1938. [ 32 ] Country musicians began recording boogie in 1939, concisely after it had been played at Carnegie Hall, when Johnny Barfield recorded “ Boogie Woogie ”. The third generation ( 1950s–1960s ) started at the end of World War II with “ mountaineer ” string dance band music known as bluegrass, which emerged when Bill Monroe, along with Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs were introduced by Roy Acuff at the Grand Ole Opry. Gospel music remained a popular part of state music. The native American, Hispano, and American frontier music of the Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, became democratic among poor people communities in New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas ; the basic ensemble consisted of classical guitar, bass guitar, dobro or sword guitar, though some larger ensembles featured electric guitars, trumpets, keyboards ( particularly the barrelhouse piano, a type of tack piano ), banjos, and drums. By the early 1950s it blended with rock and roll, becoming the rockabilly sound produced by Sam Phillips, Norman Petty, and Bob Keane. Musicians like Elvis Presley, Bo Diddley, Buddy Holly, Jerry Lee Lewis, Ritchie Valens, Carl Perkins, Roy Orbison, and Johnny Cash emerged as enduring representatives of the dash. Beginning in the mid-1950s, and reaching its top out during the early 1960s, the Nashville sound turned state music into a multimillion-dollar diligence centered in Nashville, Tennessee ; Patsy Cline and Jim Reeves were two of the most broadly popular Nashville reasoned artists, and their deaths in separate plane crashes in the early 1960s were a factor in the genre ‘s decay. Starting in the 1950s to the mid-1960s, westerly singer-songwriters such as Michael Martin Murphey and Marty Robbins rose in bulge as did others, throughout western music traditions, like New Mexico music ‘s Al Hurricane. The late 1960s in american music produced a unique blend as a result of hidebound backlash within separate genres. In the consequence of the british Invasion, many desired a hark back to the “ honest-to-god values ” of rock normality ‘ paradiddle. At the same time there was a miss of exuberance in the state sector for Nashville-produced music. What resulted was a crossbred genre known as state rock. fourth generation ( 1970s–1980s ) music included criminal state with roots in the Bakersfield sound, and country pop with roots in the countrypolitan, tribe music and soft rock. between 1972 and 1975 singer/guitarist John Denver released a serial of enormously successful songs blending country and folk-rock musical styles. By the mid-1970s, Texas country and Tejano music gained popularity with performers like Freddie Fender. During the early 1980s nation artists continued to see their records do well on the pop charts. In 1980 a style of “ neocountry disco music ” was popularized. During the mid-1980s a group of new artists began to emerge who rejected the more milled country-pop sound that had been big on radio and the charts in prefer of more traditional “ back-to-basics ” production. During the fifth genesis ( 1990s ), neotraditionalists and stadium area acts prospered. The sixth generation ( 2000s–present ) has seen a certain sum of diversification in esteem to state music styles. It has besides, however, seen a switch into patriotism and button-down politics since the 9/11 terrorist Attacks, but twenty years subsequently, many are saying the genre is last starting to move away from that. [ 33 ] The influence of rock music in area has become more overt during the late 2000s and early on 2010s. Most of the best-selling area songs of this era were those by Lady A, Florida Georgia Line, Carrie Underwood, and Taylor Swift. [ 34 ] Hip hop besides made its mark on nation music with the egress of country rap. [ 35 ]
history [edit ]
first base generation ( 1920s ) [edit ]
Vernon Dalhart was the first country star to have a major hit record The first commercial recordings of what was considered instrumental music in the traditional country style were “ Arkansas Traveler “ and “ Turkey in the Straw “ by fiddlers Henry Gilliland & A.C. ( Eck ) Robertson on June 30, 1922, for Victor Records and released in April 1923. [ 36 ] [ 37 ] Columbia Records began issuing records with “ hillbilly ” music ( series 15000D “ Old Familiar Tunes ” ) adenine early as 1924. [ 30 ]
The first gear commercial recording of what is wide considered to be the first area song featuring vocals and lyrics was Fiddlin ‘ John Carson with “ little Log Cabin in the Lane “ for Okeh Records on June 14, 1923. [ 38 ] [ 39 ] Vernon Dalhart was the beginning country singer to have a nationally shoot in May 1924 with “ Wreck of the Old 97 “. [ 40 ] [ 41 ] The pass side of the record was “ Lonesome Road Blues ”, which besides became very popular. [ 42 ] In April 1924, “ Aunt ” Samantha Bumgarner and Eva Davis became the first female musicians to record and release country songs. [ 43 ] Many of the early state musicians, such as the yodeler Cliff Carlisle, recorded blues songs into the 1930s. [ 44 ] other authoritative early record artists were Riley Puckett, Don Richardson, Fiddlin ‘ John Carson, Uncle Dave Macon, Al Hopkins, Ernest V. Stoneman, Blind Alfred Reed, Charlie Poole and the North Carolina Ramblers and the Skillet Lickers. [ 45 ] The sword guitar entered state music angstrom early as 1922, when Jimmie Tarlton met celebrated Hawaiian guitarist Frank Ferera on the West Coast. [ 46 ] Jimmie Rodgers and the Carter Family are widely considered to be significant early country musicians. From Scott County, Virginia, the Carters had learned sight read of hymnals and sheet music using solfege. [ citation needed ] Their songs were first captured at a historic record session in Bristol, Tennessee, on August 1, 1927, where Ralph Peer was the talent scout and sound recordist. [ 47 ] [ 48 ] A setting in the movie O Brother, Where Art Thou? depicts a similar occurrence in the lapp timeframe. Rodgers fused hillbilly country, religious doctrine, jazz, blues, crop up, cowboy, and folk music, and many of his best songs were his compositions, including “ Blue Yodel ”, [ 49 ] which sold over a million records and established Rodgers as the prime minister singer of early on area music. [ 50 ] [ 51 ] Beginning in 1927, and for the future 17 years, the Carters recorded some 300 old-time ballads, traditional tunes, area songs and gospel hymn, all representative of America ‘s southeastern folklore and heritage. [ 52 ] Maybelle Carter went on to continue the family custom with her daughters as The Carter Sisters ; her daughter June would marry ( in succession ) Carl Smith, Rip Nix and Johnny Cash, having children with each who would besides become nation singers .
irregular generation ( 1930s–1940s ) [edit ]
Record sales declined during the Great Depression, but radio became a popular source of entertainment, and “ barn dancing ” shows featuring nation music were started by radio stations all over the South, as far north as Chicago, and as far west as California. The most authoritative was the Grand Ole Opry, aired starting in 1925 by WSM in Nashville and continuing to the present day. Some of the early stars on the Opry were Uncle Dave Macon, Roy Acuff and african American harmonica player DeFord Bailey. WSM ‘s 50,000-watt sign ( in 1934 ) could frequently be heard across the country. [ 53 ] many musicians performed and recorded songs in any number of styles. Moon Mullican, for example, played western swing but besides recorded songs that can be called rockabilly. between 1947 and 1949, state crooner Eddy Arnold placed eight songs in the top 10. [ 54 ] From 1945 to 1955 Jenny Lou Carson was one of the most prolific songwriters in state music. [ 55 ]
Singing cowboys and western swing [edit ]
In the 1930s and 1940s, cowboy songs, or westerly music, which had been recorded since the 1920s, were popularized by films made in Hollywood. Some of the popular spill the beans cowboys from the era were Gene Autry, the Sons of the Pioneers, and Roy Rogers. [ 56 ] Country music and western music were frequently played together on the lapp radio stations, hence the term country and western music, despite Country and western being two distinct genres. Cowgirls contributed to the sound in assorted syndicate groups. Patsy Montana opened the door for female artists with her history-making song “ I Want To Be a Cowboy ‘s Sweetheart ”. This would begin a movement toward opportunities for women to have successful solo careers. Bob Wills was another nation musician from the Lower Great Plains who had become very popular as the drawing card of a “ hot string band, ” and who besides appeared in Hollywood westerns. His desegregate of country and sleep together, which started out as dance hall music, would become known as western golf stroke. Cliff Bruner, Moon Mullican, Milton Brown and Adolph Hofner were other early on western swing pioneers. Spade Cooley and Tex Williams besides had identical popular bands and appeared in films. At its height, western swing rivaled the popularity of big ring swing music .
Changing instrumentality [edit ]
Drums were scorned by early country musicians as being “ excessively forte ” and “ not pure ”, but by 1935 western swing big isthmus drawing card Bob Wills had added drums to the Texas Playboys. In the mid-1940s, the Grand Ole Opry did not want the Playboys ‘ drummer to appear on degree. Although drums were normally used by rockabilly groups by 1955, the less-conservative-than-the-Grand-Ole-Opry Louisiana Hayride kept its infrequently used drummer back stage american samoa late as 1956. By the early 1960s, however, it was rare for a nation ring not to have a drummer. [ 57 ] Bob Wills was one of the first area musicians known to have added an electric guitar to his band, in 1938. [ 32 ] A ten by and by ( 1948 ) Arthur Smith achieved top 10 US nation chart success with his MGM Records recording of “ Guitar Boogie “, which crossed over to the US pop chart, introducing many people to the likely of the electric guitar. For several decades Nashville school term players preferred the affectionate tones of the Gibson and Gretsch archtop electrics, but a “ hot ” Fender style, using guitars which became available beginning in the early 1950s, finally prevailed as the touch guitar heavy of country. [ 57 ] [ 58 ]
hillbilly boogie [edit ]
Country musicians began recording boogie in 1939, shortly after it had been played at Carnegie Hall, when Johnny Barfield recorded “ Boogie Woogie ”. The drip of what was initially called hillbilly boogie, or okie boogie ( later to be renamed state boogie ), became a flood begin in late 1945. One celebrated free from this period was the Delmore Brothers ‘ “ Freight Train Boogie ”, considered to be contribution of the combine evolution of nation music and blues towards rockabilly. In 1948, Arthur “ Guitar Boogie ” Smith achieved top ten US area chart achiever with his MGM Records recordings of “ Guitar Boogie “ and “ Banjo Boogie ”, with the former crossing over to the US pop charts. [ 59 ] other nation boogie artists included Moon Mullican, Merrill Moore and Tennessee Ernie Ford. The hillbilly boogie period lasted into the 1950s and remains one of many subgenres of country into the twenty-first century .
Bluegrass, folk and gospel [edit ]
Bill and Charlie Monroe ( 1936 ). Bill Monroe ( 1911–1996 ) and the Blue Grass Boys created the bluegrass by the end of World War II. By the end of World War II, “ mountaineer ” string set music known as bluegrass had emerged when Bill Monroe joined with Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs, introduced by Roy Acuff at the Grand Ole Opry. That was the ordering of bluegrass music and how Bill Monroe came to be known as the “ Father of Bluegrass. ” Gospel music, besides, remained a popular component of bluegrass and early sorts of nation music. Red Foley, the biggest nation leading following World War II, had one of the first million-selling religious doctrine hits ( “ Peace in the Valley “ ) and besides sang boogie, blues and rockabilly. In the post-war period, nation music was called “ tribe ” in the trades, and “ hillbilly ” within the diligence. [ 60 ] In 1944, Billboard replaced the terminus “ hillbilly ” with “ tribe songs and blues, ” and switched to “ country and westerly ” in 1949. [ 61 ] [ 62 ]
Honky tonk [edit ]
Another type of stripped down and crude music with a variety show of moods and a basic ensemble of guitar, bass, dobro or steel guitar ( and late ) drums became popular, specially among rural residents in the three states of Texhomex, those being Tex as, Okla ho milliampere, and New Mex ico. [ 63 ] It became known as whitey tonk and had its roots in western swing and the ranchera music of Mexico and the frame states, peculiarly New Mexico and Texas, [ 64 ] together with the blues of the American South. Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys personified this music which has been described as “ a little moment of this, and a small bite of that, a little sting of black and a little bite of white … barely loudly enough to keep you from thinking excessively much and to go right on ordering the whiskey. ” [ 65 ] East Texan Al Dexter had a stumble with “ Honky Tonk Blues ”, and seven years by and by “ Pistol Packin ‘ Mama “. [ 66 ] These “ whitey tonk ” songs were associated with barrooms, and was performed by the likes of Ernest Tubb, Kitty Wells ( the first major female country solo singer ), Ted Daffan, Floyd Tillman, the Maddox Brothers and Rose, Lefty Frizzell and Hank Williams ; the music of these artists would later be called “ traditional ” area. Williams ‘ charm in detail would prove to be enormous, inspiring many of the pioneers of rock and roll, such as Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, Chuck Berry and Ike Turner, while providing a model for emerging whitey tonk talents like George Jones. Webb Pierce was the top-charting country artist of the 1950s, with 13 of his singles spending 113 weeks at number one. He charted 48 singles during the decade ; 31 reached the top ten-spot and 26 reached the top four .
third base generation ( 1950s–1960s ) [edit ]
By the early 1950s, a blend of western swing, country boogie, and whitey tonk was played by most area bands, a mix which followed in the footsteps of Gene Autry, Lydia Mendoza, Roy Rogers, and Patsy Montana. western music, influenced by the cowboy ballads, New Mexico, Texas area and Tejano music rhythm of the Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico, reached its top out in popularity in the late 1950s, most notably with the song “ El Paso “, first recorded by Marty Robbins in September 1959. westerly music ‘s influence would continue to grow within the country music sphere, westerly musicians like Michael Martin Murphey, New Mexico music artists Al Hurricane and Antonia Apodaca, Tejano music performer Little Joe, and even folk music evangelist John Denver, all first rose to prominence during this clock time. This westerly music influence largely kept the music of the folk revival and tribe rock from influencing the nation music genre much, despite the similarity in instrumentation and origins ( see, for case, the Byrds ‘ damaging reception during their appearance on the Grand Ole Opry ). The independent concern was largely political : most folk music revival was largely driven by progressive activists, a austere contrast to the culturally conservative audiences of country music. John Denver was possibly the only musician to have major success in both the area and tribe revival genres throughout his career, later entirely a handful of artists like Burl Ives and canadian musician Gordon Lightfoot successfully made the crossing over to country after family revival fell out of fashion. During the mid-1950s a new dash of area music became democratic, finally to be referred to as rockabilly. [ 68 ] In 1953, the first all-country radio station was established in Lubbock, Texas. [ 69 ] The music of the 1960s and 1970s targeted the american bring classify, and truckers in particular. As nation radio became more popular, truck songs like the 1963 hit song Six Days on the Road by Dave Dudley began to make up their own subgenre of nation. These revamped songs sought to portray american truckers as a “ new folk hero ”, marking a significant careen in phone from earlier state music. The sung was written by actual truckers and contained numerous references to the teamster polish of the prison term like “ ICC ” for Interstate Commerce Commission and “ little white pills ” as a reference to amphetamines. Starday Records in Nashville followed up on Dudley ‘s initial success with the dismissal of Give me 40 Acres by the Willis Brothers. [ 69 ]
rockabilly [edit ]
rockabilly was most democratic with nation fans in the 1950s ; one of the inaugural rock candy and roll superstars was former Western yodeler Bill Haley, who repurposed his four Aces of western Swing into a rockabilly isthmus in the early on 1950s and renamed it the Comets. Bill Haley & His Comets are credited with two of the first successful rock and roll records, “ Crazy Man, Crazy “ of 1953 and “ Rock Around the Clock “ in 1954. [ 70 ] 1956 could be called the year of rockabilly in state music. Rockabilly was an early form of rock ‘n’ roll and roll, an wellbeing combination of blues and country music. The number two, three and four songs on Billboard’s charts for that year were Elvis Presley, “ Heartbreak Hotel “ ; Johnny Cash, “ I Walk the Line “ ; and Carl Perkins, “ Blue Suede Shoes “. Reflecting this success, George Jones released a rockabilly commemorate that year under the pseudonym “ Thumper Jones ”, wanting to capitalize on the popularity of rockabilly without alienating his traditional country root. [ 72 ] Cash and Presley placed songs in the peak 5 in 1958 with No. 3 “ Guess Things Happen That Way/Come In, Stranger ” by Cash, and No. 5 by Presley “ Don’t/I Beg of You. ” [ 73 ] Presley acknowledged the influence of cycle and blues artists and his style, saying “ The bleached folk music been singin ‘ and playin ‘ it just the way I ‘m doin ‘ it now, man for more years than I know. ” Within a few years, many rockabilly musicians returned to a more mainstream style or had defined their own alone stylus. Country music gained national television exposure through Ozark Jubilee on ABC-TV and radio from 1955 to 1960 from Springfield, Missouri. The program showcased top stars including several rockabilly artists, some from the Ozarks. As Webb Pierce put it in 1956, “ once upon a time, it was about impossible to sell area music in a place like New York City. Nowadays, television takes us everywhere, and country music records and sheet music deal american samoa well in bombastic cities as anywhere else. ” [ 74 ] The Country Music Association was founded in 1958, in contribution because numerous nation musicians were appalled by the increase determine of rock and roll on area music. [ 75 ]
The Nashville and countrypolitan sounds [edit ]
Beginning in the mid-1950s, and reaching its point during the early 1960s, the Nashville sound turned area music into a multimillion-dollar industry centered in Nashville, Tennessee. Under the direction of producers such as Chet Atkins, Bill Porter, Paul Cohen, Owen Bradley, Bob Ferguson, and later Billy Sherrill, the reasoned brought state music to a divers audience and helped revive country as it emerged from a commercially fallow period. This subgenre was luminary for borrowing from 1950s pop stylings : a big and smooth vocal music, backed by a string section ( violins and other orchestral strings ) and vocal chorus. instrumental solo was de-emphasize in favor of trademark “ licks ”. Leading artists in this music genre included Jim Reeves, Skeeter Davis, Connie Smith, the Browns, Patsy Cline, and Eddy Arnold. The “ slickness note ” piano stylus of session musician Floyd Cramer was an crucial component of this style. [ 77 ] The Nashville Sound collapsed in mainstream popularity in 1964, a victim of both the british Invasion and the deaths of Reeves and Cline in separate airplane crashes. By the mid-1960s, the music genre had developed into countrypolitan. Countrypolitan was aimed square at mainstream markets, and it sold well throughout the belated 1960s into the early 1970s. circus tent artists included Tammy Wynette, Lynn Anderson and Charlie Rich, a well as such early “ hard country ” artists as Ray Price and Marty Robbins. Despite the invoke of the Nashville legal, many traditional nation artists emerged during this period and dominated the music genre : Loretta Lynn, Merle Haggard, Buck Owens, Porter Wagoner, George Jones, and Sonny James among them .
Country-soul crossing [edit ]
In 1962, Ray Charles surprised the pop world by turning his attention to nation and western music, topping the charts and rat number three for the year on Billboard’s pop chart [ 78 ] with the “ I Ca n’t Stop Loving You “ single, and recording the landmark album Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music .
Bakersfield sound [edit ]
Another subgenre of country music grew out of hard-core whitey tonk with elements of western swing and originated 112 miles ( 180 kilometer ) north-northwest of Los Angeles in Bakersfield, California, where many “ Okies “ and early Dust Bowl migrants had settled. Influenced by erstwhile West Coast residents Bob Wills and Lefty Frizzell, by 1966 it was known as the Bakersfield sound. It relied on electric instruments and amplification, in finical the Telecaster electric guitar, more than other subgenres of the country music of the era, and it can be described as having a acuate, hard, driving, no-frills, edgy flavor—hard guitars and barrelhouse harmonies. [ 69 ] Leading practitioners of this dash were Buck Owens, Merle Haggard, Tommy Collins, Dwight Yoakam, Gary Allan, and Wynn Stewart, each of whom had his own style. [ 80 ] [ 81 ] Ken Nelson, who had produced Owens and Haggard and Rose Maddox became interest in the hauling song subgenre following the success of Six Days on the Road and asked Red Simpson to record an album of trucking songs. Haggard ‘s White Line Fever was besides character of the hauling subgenre. [ 69 ]
western music merges with nation [edit ]
The country music scene of the 1940s until the 1970s was largely dominated by westerly music influences, thus much so that the music genre began to be called “ Country and Western ”. [ 82 ] even today, cowboy and frontier values continue to play a function in the larger nation music, with westerly clothing, cowboy boots, and cowboy hats continues to be in fashion for area artists. [ 83 ] West of the Mississippi river, many of these western genres continue to flourish, including the Red Dirt of Oklahoma, [ 84 ] New Mexico music of New Mexico, [ 85 ] and both Texas nation music and Tejano music of Texas. [ 86 ] [ 87 ] During the 1950s until the early 1970s, the latter function of the western flower in state music, many of these genres featured popular artists that continue to influence both their classifiable genres and larger country music. Red Dirt featured Bob Childers and Steve Ripley ; for New Mexico music Al Hurricane, Al Hurricane Jr., and Antonia Apodaca ; and within the Texas scenes Willie Nelson, Freddie Fender, Johnny Rodriguez, and Little Joe. As Outlaw area music emerged as subgenre in its own right, Red Dirt, New Mexico, Texas area, and Tejano grew in popularity as a partially of the Outlaw country bowel movement. Originating in the bars, fiestas, and honky-tonks of Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Texas, their music supplemented outlaw country ‘s singer-songwriter tradition equally well as 21st-century rock ‘n’ roll -inspired alternate area and hip hop -inspired country pat artists. [ 88 ] [ 89 ]
one-fourth generation ( 1970s–1980s ) [edit ]
Outlaw movement [edit ]
Outlaw area was derived from the traditional Western, including Red Dirt, New Mexico, Texas state, Tejano, and barrelhouse melodious styles of the late 1950s and 1960s. Songs such as the 1963 Johnny Cash popularized “ Ring of Fire “ indicate clear influences from the likes of Al Hurricane and Little Joe, this influence just happened to culminate with artists such as Ray Price ( whose isthmus, the “ Cherokee Cowboys ”, included Willie Nelson and Roger Miller ) and mix with the wrath of an alienated subculture of the nation during the time period, a solicitation of musicians that came to be known as the outlaw movement revolutionized the music genre of country music in the early 1970s. [ 90 ] [ 91 ] “ After I left Nashville ( the early 70s ), I wanted to relax and play the music that I wanted to play, and just stay around Texas, possibly Oklahoma. Waylon and I had that lawless visualize going, and when it caught on at colleges and we started selling records, we were O.K. The whole illegitimate matter, it had nothing to do with the music, it was something that got written in an article, and the young people said, ‘Well, that ‘s pretty cool. ‘ And started listening. ” ( Willie Nelson ) [ 92 ] The terminus outlaw country is traditionally associated with Willie Nelson, Jerry Jeff Walker, [ 93 ] Hank Williams, Jr., Merle Haggard, Waylon Jennings and Joe Ely. [ 94 ] It was encapsulated in the 1976 album Wanted! The Outlaws. Though the lawless movement as a cultural fad had died down after the former 1970s ( with Jennings noting in 1978 that it had gotten out of hired hand and led to real-life legal scrutiny ), many Western and Outlaw area music artists maintained their popularity during the 1980s by forming supergroups, such as The Highwaymen, [ 95 ] Texas Tornados, [ 96 ] and Bandido. [ 97 ]
Country pop [edit ]
Country pop or gentle pop, with roots in the countrypolitan sound, family music, and soft rock candy, is a subgenre that first emerged in the 1970s. Although the term first referred to country music songs and artists that crossed over to top 40 radio, state crop up acts are now more likely to cross over to adult contemporary music. It started with pop music singers like Glen Campbell, Bobbie Gentry, John Denver, Olivia Newton-John, Anne Murray, B. J. Thomas, the Bellamy Brothers, and Linda Ronstadt having hits on the area charts. between 1972 and 1975, singer/guitarist John Denver released a series of enormously successful songs blending nation and folk-rock melodious styles ( “ Rocky Mountain High “, “ fair weather on My Shoulders “, “ Annie ‘s Song “, “ Thank God I ‘m a Country Boy “, and “ I ‘m blue “ ), and was named Country Music Entertainer of the year in 1975. The year before, Olivia Newton-John, an australian pop singer, won the “ Best Female Country Vocal Performance ” vitamin a well as the Country Music Association ‘s most covet award for females, “ Female Vocalist of the year ”. In response George Jones, Tammy Wynette, Jean Shepard and early traditional Nashville country artists dissatisfied with the new tendency formed the ephemeral “ Association of Country Entertainers ” in 1974 ; the ACE soon unraveled in the aftermath of Jones and Wynette ‘s bitter divorce and Shepard ‘s realization that most others in the industry lacked her rage for the drift .
During the mid-1970s, Dolly Parton, a successful mainstream country artist since the recently 1960s, mounted a high-profile campaign to cross over to pop music, culminating in her 1977 strike “ here You Come Again “, which topped the U.S. area singles chart, and besides reached No. 3 on the pop singles charts. Parton ‘s male counterpart, Kenny Rogers, came from the opposite direction, aiming his music at the country charts, after a successful career in pop, rock and family music with the First Edition, achieving success the like class with “ Lucille “, which topped the area charts and reached No. 5 on the U.S. start singles charts, arsenic well as reaching Number 1 on the british all-genre graph. Parton and Rogers would both continue to have success on both area and pop charts simultaneously, well into the 1980s. area music propelled Kenny Rogers ’ career, making him a three-time Grammy Award winner and six-time Country Music Association Awards achiever. Having sold more than 50 million albums in the US, one of his Song “ The Gambler, ” inspired respective television receiver films, with Rogers as the main character. [ 98 ] Artists like Crystal Gayle, Ronnie Milsap and Barbara Mandrell would besides find success on the pop charts with their records. In 1975, generator Paul Hemphill stated in the Saturday Evening Post, “ Country music is n’t truly nation anymore ; it is a hybrid of about every form of popular music in America. ” [ 99 ] During the early 1980s, nation artists continued to see their records perform well on the pop charts. Willie Nelson and Juice Newton each had two songs in the top 5 of the Billboard Hot 100 in the early on eighties : Nelson charted “ Always on My Mind “ ( # 5, 1982 ) and “ To All the Girls I ‘ve Loved Before “ ( # 5, 1984, a couple with Julio Iglesias ), and Newton achieved success with “ Queen of Hearts “ ( # 2, 1981 ) and “ Angel of the Morning “ ( # 4, 1981 ). Four country songs topped the Billboard Hot 100 in the 1980s : “ Lady “ by Kenny Rogers, from the recently decrease of 1980 ; “ 9 to 5 “ by Dolly Parton, “ I Love a Rainy Night “ by Eddie Rabbitt ( these two back-to-back at the lead in early 1981 ) ; and “ Islands in the Stream “, a couple by Dolly Parton and Kenny Rogers in 1983, a pop-country crossing hit written by Barry, Robin, and Maurice Gibb of the Bee Gees. Newton ‘s “ Queen of Hearts ” about reached # 1, but was kept out of the position by the pop ballad jagannath “ Endless Love “ by Diana Ross and Lionel Richie. [ 100 ] The affect of area music toward neotraditional styles led to a score decline in country/pop crossovers in the deep 1980s, and only one song in that period— Roy Orbison ‘s “ You Got It “, from 1989—made the top 10 of both the Billboard Hot Country Singles “ and Hot 100 charts, due largely to a revival of matter to in Orbison after his sudden death. [ 101 ] [ 102 ] The merely song with substantial country airplay to reach number one on the popular charts in the recently 1980s was “ At This Moment “ by Billy Vera and the Beaters, an R & B song with slide guitar embellishment that appeared at number 42 on the country charts from child crossing airplay. [ 103 ] The record-setting, multi-platinum group Alabama was named Artist of the Decade for the 1980s by the Academy of Country Music .
country rock [edit ]
A reunify Eagles in 2008 country rock is a genre that started in the 1960s but became big in the 1970s. The late 1960s in american music produced a unique blend as a result of traditionalist recoil within separate genres. In the aftermath of the british Invasion, many desired a retort to the “ honest-to-god values ” of rock north ‘ cast. At the lapp clock time there was a lack of enthusiasm in the area sector for Nashville-produced music. What resulted was a crossbreed genre known as country rock. early innovators in this new style of music in the 1960s and 1970s included Bob Dylan, who was the beginning to revert to nation music with his 1967 album John Wesley Harding ( and even more indeed with that album ‘s follow-up, Nashville Skyline ), followed by Gene Clark, Clark ‘s early ring the Byrds ( with Gram Parsons on Sweetheart of the Rodeo ) and its by-product the Flying Burrito Brothers ( besides featuring Gram Parsons ), guitarist Clarence White, Michael Nesmith ( the Monkees and the First National Band ), the Grateful Dead, Neil Young, Commander Cody, the Allman Brothers, the Marshall Tucker Band, Poco, Buffalo Springfield, Stephen Stills ‘ isthmus Manassas and Eagles, among many, even the early folk music duet Ian & Sylvia, who formed Great Speckled Bird in 1969. The Eagles would become the most successful of these area rock acts, and their compilation album Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975) remains the second-best-selling album in the US with 29 million copies sold. [ 105 ] The Rolling Stones besides got into the act with songs like “ dead Flowers “ and a country adaptation of “ Honky Tonk Women “. Described by AllMusic as the “ father of country-rock ”, [ 106 ] Gram Parsons ‘ shape in the early 1970s was acclaimed for its purity and for his appreciation for aspects of traditional country music. [ 107 ] Though his career was cut tragically short by his 1973 death, his bequest was carried on by his protégé and duet partner Emmylou Harris ; Harris would release her debut solo in 1975, an amalgamation of country, rock and peal, folk, blues and pop. subsequent to the initial blend of the two polar face-to-face genres, other offspring soon resulted, including southerly rock, heartland rock candy and in more holocene years, option country. In the decades that followed, artists such as Juice Newton, Alabama, Hank Williams, Jr. ( and, to an even greater extent, Hank Williams III ), Gary Allan, Shania Twain, Brooks & Dunn, Faith Hill, Garth Brooks, Dwight Yoakam, Steve Earle, Dolly Parton, Rosanne Cash and Linda Ronstadt moved country further towards rock influence .
Neocountry [edit ]
In 1980, a style of “ neocountry disco music ” was popularized by the film Urban Cowboy, [ 108 ] which besides included more traditional songs such as “ The Devil Went Down to Georgia “ by the Charlie Daniels Band. [ 109 ] It was during this time that a flood of pop-country crossover artists began appearing on the country charts : former dad stars Bill Medley ( of the Righteous Brothers ), “ England Dan ” Seals ( of England Dan and John Ford Coley ), Tom Jones, and Merrill Osmond ( both alone and with some of his brothers ; his younger sister Marie Osmond was already an established country star topology ) all recorded significant country hits in the early 1980s. Sales in record stores rocketed to $ 250 million in 1981 ; by 1984, 900 radio receiver stations began programming country or neocountry pop full-time. As with most sudden trends, however, by 1984 sales had dropped below 1979 figures. [ 108 ]
Truck drive country [edit ]
Truck driving state music is a genre of nation music [ 110 ] and is a fusion of barrelhouse, country rock and the Bakersfield strait. [ 111 ] It has the tempo of country rock and the emotion of barrelhouse, [ 111 ] and its lyrics focus on a truck driver ‘s life style. [ 112 ] Truck driving country songs often deal with the profession of hauling and love. [ 111 ] long-familiar artists who sing truck drive nation include Dave Dudley, Red Sovine, Dick Curless, Red Simpson, Del Reeves, the Willis Brothers and Jerry Reed, with C. W. McCall and Cledus Maggard ( pseudonym of Bill Fries and Jay Huguely, respectively ) being more humorous entries in the subgenre. [ 111 ] Dudley is known as the father of hand truck drive nation. [ 112 ] [ 113 ]
Neotraditionalist drift [edit ]
[114] Strait is one of the best selling musicians of all time.[114]George Strait, a pioneer of the neotraditionalist movement and dubbed the “King of Country,”Strait is one of the best selling musicians of all time. During the mid-1980s, a group of new artists began to emerge who rejected the more polished country-pop sound that had been outstanding on radio receiver and the charts, in privilege of more, traditional, “ back-to-basics ” production. Many of the artists during the latter one-half of the 1980s draw on traditional barrelhouse, bluegrass, folk and western swing. Artists who typified this strait included Travis Tritt, Reba McEntire, George Strait, Keith Whitley, Alan Jackson, John Anderson, Patty Loveless, Kathy Mattea, Randy Travis, Dwight Yoakam, Clint Black, Ricky Skaggs, and the Judds. Beginning in 1989, a confluence of events brought an unprecedented commercial thunder to state music. New marketing strategies were used to engage fans, powered by engineering that more accurately tracked the popularity of nation music, and boosted by a political and economic climate that focused attention on the genre. Garth Brooks ( “ Friends in low Places ” ) in detail attracted fans with his fusion of neotraditionalist state and stadium rock. other artists such as Brooks and Dunn ( “ Boot Scootin ‘ Boogie ” ) besides combined ceremonious nation with slick, rock elements, while Lorrie Morgan, Mary Chapin Carpenter, and Kathy Mattea updated neotraditionalist styles. [ 115 ]
Fifth generation ( 1990s ) [edit ]
Country music was aided by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission ‘s ( FCC ) Docket 80–90, which led to a significant expansion of FM radio receiver in the 1980s by adding numerous higher-fidelity FM signals to rural and suburban areas. At this point, state music was chiefly heard on rural AM radio stations ; the expansion of FM was particularly helpful to country music, which migrated to FM from the AM band as AM became overwhelm by talk radio ( the country music stations that stayed on AM developed the classic country format for the AM consultation ). At the same time, beautiful music stations already in rural areas began abandoning the format ( leading to its effective death ) to adopt country music as well. This wide handiness of country music led to producers seeking to polish their product for a wide-eyed audience. In 1990, Billboard, which had published a state music chart since the 1940s, changed the methodology it used to compile the chart : singles sales were removed from the methodology, and only airplay on state radio determined a song ‘s place on the chart. [ 116 ] In the 1990s, area music became a worldwide phenomenon thanks to Garth Brooks, [ 117 ] [ 118 ] [ 119 ] who enjoyed one of the most successful careers in popular music history, breaking records for both sales and concert attendance throughout the decade. The RIAA has certified his recordings at a combined ( 128× platinum ), denoting roughly 113 million U.S. shipments. [ 120 ] other artists who experienced success during this time included Clint Black, John Michael Montgomery, Tracy Lawrence, Tim McGraw, Kenny Chesney, Travis Tritt, Alan Jackson and the newly formed couple of Brooks & Dunn ; George Strait, whose career began in the 1980s, besides continued to have widespread success in this ten and beyond. Toby Keith began his career as a more pop-oriented nation singer in the 1990s, evolving into an lawless character in the early 2000s with Pull My Chain and its follow-up, Unleashed .
success of female artists [edit ]
female artists such as Reba McEntire, Patty Loveless, Faith Hill, Martina McBride, Deana Carter, LeAnn Rimes, Mindy McCready, Pam Tillis, Lorrie Morgan, Shania Twain, and Mary Chapin Carpenter all released platinum-selling albums in the 1990s. The Dixie Chicks became one of the most democratic nation bands in the 1990s and early 2000s. Their 1998 debut album Wide Open Spaces went on to become certify 12× platinum while their 1999 album Fly went on to become 10× platinum. After their third album, Home, was released in 2003, the band made political news program in part because of lead singer Natalie Maines ‘s comments disparaging then-President George W. Bush while the band was oversea ( Maines stated that she and her bandmates were ashamed to be from the same state as Bush, who had just commenced the Iraq War a few days prior ). The comments caused a rupture between the band and the state music scene, and the ring ‘s fourth ( and most recent ) album, 2006 ‘s Taking the Long Way, took a more rock-oriented direction ; the album was commercially successful overall among non-country audiences but largely ignored among country audiences. After Taking the Long Way, the band broke up for a ten ( with two of its members continuing as the Court Yard Hounds ) before reuniting in 2016 and releasing newly material in 2020 .
canadian artist Shania Twain became the best selling female state artist of the ten. This was chiefly due to the success of her breakthrough sophomore 1995 album, The Woman in Me, which was certified 12× platinum sold over 20 million copies cosmopolitan and its follow-up, 1997 ‘s Come On Over, which was certified 20× platinum and sold over 40 million copies. The album became a major worldwide phenomenon and became one of the world ‘s best sell albums for three years ( 1998, 1999 and 2000 ) ; it besides went on to become the best selling nation album of all time. Unlike the majority of her contemporaries, Twain enjoyed large external achiever that had been seen by identical few country artists, before or after her. Critics have noted that Twain enjoyed much of her success due to breaking free of traditional nation stereotypes and for incorporating elements of rock and pop music into her music. In 2002, she released her successful fourthly studio album, titled Up!, which was certified 11× platinum and sold over 15 million copies worldwide. Shania Twain has been nominated eighteen times for Grammy Awards and won five Grammys. [ [ 121 ] ] She was the best-paid country music ace in 2016 according to Forbes, with a net worth of $ 27.5 million. [ [ 122 ] ] Twain has been credited with breaking international boundaries for area music, ampere well as inspiring many nation artists to incorporate different genres into their music in ordering to attract a wide consultation. She is besides credited with changing the manner in which many female country performers would market themselves, as unlike many before her she use fashion and her sexual activity appeal to get rid of the stereotyped ‘ barrelhouse ‘ picture the majority of nation singers had in order to distinguish herself from many female area artists of the time .
Line dancing revival [edit ]
In the early-mid-1990s, state western music was influenced by the popularity of line dancing. This influence was so capital that Chet Atkins was quoted as saying, “ The music has gotten pretty bad, I think. It ‘s all that damn note dancing. ” [ 123 ] By the end of the decade, however, at least one cable dance choreographer complained that good country line dance music was nobelium longer being released. In contrast, artists such as Don Williams and George Jones who had more or less had consistent chart achiever through the 1970s and 1980s on the spur of the moment had their fortunes fall quickly around 1991 when the new graph rules took effect. With the fusion writing style of “ area trap “ —a fusion of country/western themes to a hep hop perplex, but normally with in full sing lyrics—emerging in the late 2010s, channel dancing country had a minor revival. Examples of the phenomenon include “ Old Town Road “ by Lil Nas X and “ The Git Up “ by Blanco Brown, both of which topped the Billboard state charts despite scant radio receiver airplay .
alternative area [edit ]
country influences combined with Punk rock candy and option rock ‘n’ roll to forge the “ cowpunk “ scenery in Southern California during the 1980s, which included bands such as the Long Ryders, Lone Justice and the Beat Farmers, a well as the established punk rocker group X, whose music had begun to include state and rockabilly influences. [ 124 ] Simultaneously, a generation of diverse area artists outside of California emerged that rejected the sensed cultural and musical conservatism associated with Nashville ‘s mainstream area musicians in party favor of more countercultural criminal country and the folk singer-songwriter traditions of artists such as Woody Guthrie, Gram Parsons and Bob Dylan. Artists from external California who were associated with early alternative state included singer-songwriters such as Lucinda Williams, Lyle Lovett and Steve Earle, the Nashville nation rock ‘n’ roll band Jason and the Scorchers, the Providence “ cowboy pop “ isthmus Rubber Rodeo, and the british post-punk dance band the Mekons. Earle, in particular, was noted for his popularity with both area and college rock audiences : He promoted his 1986 debut album Guitar Town with a tour that saw him open for both nation singer Dwight Yoakam and alternate rock band the Replacements. [ 125 ] Yoakam besides cultivated a fanbase spanning multiple genres through his stripped barrelhouse influenced healthy, association with the cowpunk scene, and performances at Los Angeles punk rocker rock clubs. [ 126 ] These early styles had coalesced into a genre by the time the Illinois group Uncle Tupelo released their influential debut album No Depression in 1990. [ 127 ] [ 128 ] The album is wide credited as being the first gear “ alternative state ” album, and inspired the appoint of No Depression magazine, which entirely covered the newly genre. [ 127 ] [ 128 ] Following Uncle Tupelo ‘s disband in 1994, its members formed two significant bands in music genre : Wilco and Son Volt. Although Wilco ‘s voice had moved away from country and towards indie rock by the time they released their critically acclaimed album Yankee Hotel Foxtrot in 2002, they have continued to be an determine on later alt-country artists. other acts who became outstanding in the alt-country genre during the 1990s and 2000s included the Bottle Rockets, the Handsome Family, Blue Mountain, Robbie Fulks, Blood Oranges, Bright Eyes, Drive-By Truckers, Old 97 ‘s, Old Crow Medicine Show, Nickel Creek, Neko Case, and Whiskeytown, whose tip singer Ryan Adams former had a successful solo-career. [ 129 ] Alt-country, in assorted iterations overlapped with other genres, including Red Dirt nation music ( Cross Canadian Ragweed ), jam bands ( My dawn Jacket and the String Cheese Incident ), and indie folk music ( the Avett Brothers ). Despite the genre ‘s growing popularity in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, alternate area and neo-traditionalist artists saw minimal support from country radio in those decades, despite potent sales and critical acclaim for albums such as the soundtrack to the 2000 film O Brother, Where Art Thou?. [ 130 ] In 1987, the Beat Farmers gained airplay on country music stations with their song “ Make It stopping point ”, but the single was pulled from the format when station programmers decreed the band ‘s music was excessively rock-oriented for their audience. [ 131 ] however, some alt-country songs have been crossing over hits to mainstream state radio receiver in cover versions by established artists on the format ; Lucinda Williams ‘ “ Passionate Kisses “ was a murder for Mary Chapin Carpenter in 1993, Ryan Adams ‘ “ When the Stars Go Blue “ was a hit for Tim McGraw in 2007, and Old Crow Medicine Show ‘s “ Wagon Wheel “ was a hit for Darius Rucker ( member of Hootie & The Blowfish ) in 2013. In the 2010s, the alt-country genre saw an increase in its critical and commercial popularity, owing to the success of artists such as the Civil Wars, Chris Stapleton, Sturgill Simpson, Jason Isbell, Lydia Loveless and Margo Price. In 2019, Kacey Musgraves – a country artist who had gained a following with indie rock fans and music critics despite minimal airplay on area radio – won the Grammy Award for Album of the year for her album Golden Hour. [ 132 ]
sixth generation ( 2000s–present ) [edit ]
The sixth generation of state music continued to be influenced by other genres such as crop up, rock, and R & B. Richard Marx crossed over with his Days in Avalon album, which features five area songs and several singers and musicians. Alison Krauss sang background vocals to Marx ‘s single “ Straight from My Heart. ” besides, Bon Jovi had a score single, “ Who Says You Ca n’t Go Home “, with Jennifer Nettles of Sugarland. Kid Rock ‘s collaboration with Sheryl Crow, “ mental picture, ” was a major crossing hit in 2001 and began Kid Rock ‘s transition from unvoiced rock to a country-rock hybrid that would former produce another major crossover voter shoot, 2008 ‘s “ All Summer Long. ” ( Crow, whose music had often incorporated nation elements, would besides formally cross over into country with her hit “ easy “ from her debut country album Feels like Home ). Darius Rucker, frontman for the 1990s pop-rock band Hootie & the Blowfish, began a country solo career in the belated 2000s, one that to date has produced five albums and several hits on both the country charts and the Billboard Hot 100. Singer-songwriter Unknown Hinson became celebrated for his appearance in the Charlotte television receiver indicate Wild, Wild, South, after which Hinson started his own dance band and toured in southerly states. other rock stars who featured a country song on their albums were Don Henley ( who released Cass County in 2015, an album which featured collaborations with numerous nation artists ) and Poison.
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The back one-half of the 2010-2020 decade saw an increasing count of mainstream country acts collaborate with pop and R & B acts ; many of these songs achieved commercial success by appealing to fans across multiple genres ; examples include collaborations between Kane Brown and Marshmello [ 133 ] and Maren Morris and Zedd. [ 134 ] There has besides been interest from pop singers in country music, including Beyoncé, Lady Gaga, Alicia Keys, Gwen Stefani, Justin Timberlake, Justin Bieber and Pink. [ 135 ] Supporting this movement is the new generation of contemporary pop-country, including Taylor Swift, Miranda Lambert, Carrie Underwood, Kacey Musgraves, Miley Cyrus, Billy Ray Cyrus, Sam Hunt, Chris Young, [ 136 ] who introduced newfangled themes in their works, touching on fundamental rights, feminist movement, and controversies about racism and religion of the older generations. [ 137 ]
popular culture [edit ]
In 2005, country singer Carrie Underwood rose to fame as the winner of the fourthly season of American Idol and has since become one of the most outstanding recording artists in the genre, with cosmopolitan sales of more than 65 million records and seven Grammy Awards. [ 138 ] With her first single, “ Inside Your Heaven “, Underwood became the entirely solo area artist to have a act 1 reach on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the 2000–2009 ten and besides broke Billboard graph history as the first base state music artist always to debut at No. 1 on the Hot 100. underbrush ‘s debut album, Some Hearts, became the best-selling solo female debut album in state music history, the fastest-selling debut nation album in the history of the SoundScan era and the best-selling country album of the end 10 years, being ranked by Billboard as the count 1 Country Album of the 2000–2009 ten. She has besides become the female nation artist with the most numeral one hits on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in the Nielsen SoundScan era ( 1991–present ), having 14 # 1s and breaking her own Guinness Book record of ten-spot. In 2007, Underwood won the Grammy Award for Best New Artist, becoming entirely the second Country artist in history ( and the first in a decade ) to win it. She besides made history by becoming the seventh woman to win Entertainer of the year at the Academy of Country Music Awards, and the first charwoman in history to win the award twice, deoxyadenosine monophosphate well as twice consecutively. Time has listed Underwood as one of the 100 most influential people in the world. In 2016, Underwood topped the Country Airplay chart for the fifteenth time, becoming the female artist with most number ones on that chart .
Carrie Underwood was alone one of several nation stars produced by a television receiver series in the 2000s. In accession to Underwood, American Idol launched the careers of Kellie Pickler, Josh Gracin, Bucky Covington, Kristy Lee Cook, Danny Gokey, Lauren Alaina and Scotty McCreery ( arsenic well as that of episodic country singer Kelly Clarkson [ 139 ] ) in the ten, and would continue to launch nation careers in the 2010s. The series Nashville Star, while not closely angstrom successful as Idol, did manage to bring Miranda Lambert, Kacey Musgraves and Chris Young to mainstream success, besides launching the careers of lower-profile musicians such as Buddy Jewell, Sean Patrick McGraw, and canadian musician George Canyon. Can You Duet? produced the duet Steel Magnolia and Joey + Rory. Teen sitcoms besides have influenced modern nation music ; in 2008, actress Jennette McCurdy ( best known as the buddy Sam on the adolescent situation comedy iCarly ) released her first single, “ indeed close ”, following that with the single “ Generation Love “ in 2011. Another adolescent situation comedy asterisk, Miley Cyrus ( of Disney Channel ‘s Hannah Montana ), besides had a crossing over hit in the former 2000s with “ The Climb “ and another with a duet with her church father, Billy Ray Cyrus, with “ ready, Set, Do n’t Go. ” Jana Kramer, an actress in the adolescent play One Tree Hill, released a country album in 2012 that has produced two hit singles as of 2013. Actresses Hayden Panettiere and Connie Britton began recording country songs as part of their roles in the television receiver shows Nashville and Pretty Little Liars ace Lucy Hale released her debut album Road Between in 2014. In 2010, the group Lady Antebellum won five Grammys, including the coveted Song of the year and Record of the year for “ Need You now “. [ 140 ] A big number of couple and song groups emerged on the charts in the 2010s, many of which feature of speech stopping point harmony in the lead vocals. In addition to Lady A, groups such as Little Big Town, the Band Perry, Gloriana, Thompson Square, Eli Young Band, Zac Brown Band and British duo the Shires have emerged to occupy a boastfully share of mainstream success alongside solo singers such as Kacey Musgraves and Miranda Lambert .
One of the most commercially successful area artists of the deep 2000s and early 2010s has been singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. Swift inaugural became widely known in 2006 when her introduction unmarried, “ Tim McGraw, ” was released when Swift was alone 16 years honest-to-god. In 2006, Swift released her self-titled debut studio apartment album, which spent 275 weeks on Billboard 200, one of the longest runs of any album on that chart. In 2008, Taylor Swift released her second studio apartment album, Fearless, which made her the moment longest number-one charted on Billboard 200 and the second best-selling album ( merely behind Adele ‘s 21 ) within the past 5 years. At the 2010 Grammys, Taylor Swift was 20 and won Album of the year for Fearless, which made her the youngest artist to win this award. Swift has received eleven Grammys already. Buoyed by her adolescent paragon status among girls and a change in the methodology of compiling the Billboard charts to favor pop-crossover songs, Swift ‘s 2012 single “ We Are never ever Getting Back Together “ spent the most weeks at the circus tent of Billboard ‘s Hot 100 graph and Hot Country Songs chart of any song in closely five decades. The birdcall ‘s long ply at the crown of the graph was slightly controversial, as the sung is largely a pop song without much area determine and its success on the charts driven by a change to the chart ‘s criteria to include airplay on non-country radio receiver stations, prompting disputes over what constitutes a area birdcall ; many of Swift ‘s late releases, such as album 1989 ( 2014 ), Reputation ( 2017 ), and Lover ( 2019 ) were released entirely to pop audiences. [ 141 ] [ 142 ] [ 143 ] Swift returned to country music in her late folk-inspired releases, Folklore ( 2020 ) and Evermore ( 2020 ), with songs like “ Betty “ and “ No Body, No Crime “ .
modern variations [edit ]
influence of rock, dad and rap [edit ]
In the mid to late 2010s, country music began to increasingly sound more like the style of contemporary Pop music, [ 136 ] with more bare and insistent lyrics, more electronic-based instrumentality, and experiment with “ talk-singing ” and rap, pop-country pulled farther away from the traditional sounds of country music and received criticisms from nation music purists while gaining in popularity with mainstream audiences. [ 144 ] The topics addressed have besides changed, turning controversial such as acceptance of the LGBT community, dependable sex, amateur cannabis use, and questioning religious sentiment. [ 137 ] Influences besides come from some pop artists ‘ matter to in the country music genre, including Justin Timberlake with the album Man of the Woods, [ 145 ] Beyoncé ‘s individual “ Daddy Lessons “ from Lemonade, [ 146 ] Gwen Stefani with “ cipher but You “, [ 147 ] Bruno Mars, [ 148 ] Lady Gaga, [ 149 ] Alicia Keys, [ 150 ] Kelly Clarkson, [ 139 ] and Pink. [ 151 ] The influence of rock music in area has become more overt during the late 2000s and early on 2010s as artists like Eric Church, Jason Aldean, and Brantley Gilbert have had success ; Aaron Lewis, erstwhile frontman for the rock group Staind, had a reasonably successful entry into country music in 2011 and 2012, as did Dallas Smith, erstwhile frontman of the band Default. Maren Morris success collaboration “ The Middle “ with EDM producer Zedd is considered one of the representations of the fusion of electro-pop with nation music. [ 152 ] Lil Nas X sung “ Old Town Road “ spent 19 weeks atop the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, becoming the longest-running number-one song since the chart debuted in 1958, winning Billboard Music Awards, MTV Video Music Awards and Grammy Award. [ 153 ] Sam Hunt “ Leave the Night On “ peaked concurrently on the Hot Country Songs and Country Airplay charts, making Hunt the first state artist in 22 years, since Billy Ray Cyrus, to reach the crown of three nation charts simultaneously in the Nielsen SoundScan -era. [ 154 ]
Bro state [edit ]
In the early 2010s, “ bro-country “, a music genre noted chiefly for its themes on drink in and party, girls, and tone arm trucks became particularly popular. [ 155 ] [ 156 ] [ 157 ] noteworthy artists associated with this genre are Luke Bryan, Jason Aldean, Blake Shelton, Jake Owen and Florida Georgia Line whose song “ Cruise “ became the best-selling state song of all fourth dimension. [ 34 ] [ 158 ] Research in the mid-2010s suggested that about 45 percentage of country ‘s best-selling songs could be considered bro-country, with the lead two artists being Luke Bryan and Florida Georgia Line. [ 159 ] Albums by bro-country singers besides sold very well—in 2013, Luke Bryan ‘s Crash My Party was the third gear best-selling of all albums in the United States, with Florida Georgia Line ‘s Here’s to the Good Times at sixth, and Blake Shelton ‘s Based on a True Story at ninth. [ 160 ] It is besides thought that the popularity of bro-country helped area music to surpass classic rock as the most popular genre in the american country in 2012. [ 160 ] The genre however is controversial as it has been criticized by other country musicians and commentators over its themes and depiction of women, [ 161 ] [ 162 ] [ 163 ] opening up a separate between the older generation of state singers and the younger bro state singers that was described as “ civil war ” by musicians, critics, and journalists. ” [ 164 ] In 2014, Maddie & Tae ‘s “ Girl in a country Song “, addressing many of the controversial bro-country themes, peaked at count one on the Billboard Country Airplay graph .
Bluegrass and Americana [edit ]
is a genre that contain songs about going through hard times, nation love, and telling stories. Newer artists like Billy Strings, the Grascals, Molly Tuttle, Tyler Childers and the ill-famed Stringdusters have been increasing the popularity of this genre, alongside some of the genres more conventional stars who still remain popular including Rhonda Vincent, Alison Krauss and Union Station, Ricky Skaggs and Del McCoury. The genre has developed in the Northern Kentucky and Cincinnati area. other artists include New South ( band ), Doc Watson, Osborne Brothers, and many others. In an effort to combat the over-reliance of mainstream state music on pop-infused artists, the baby writing style of Americana began to gain popularity and increase in prominence, receiving eight Grammy categories of its own in 2009. Americana music incorporates elements of country music, bluegrass, tribe, blues, religious doctrine, rhythm and blues, roots rock and southerly person and is oversee by the Americana Music Association and the Americana Music Honors & Awards. [ 165 ] As a solution of an increasingly pop-leaning mainstream, many more traditional-sounding artists such as Tyler Childers, Zach Bryan and Old Crow Medicine Show began to associate themselves more with Americana and the alternative state picture where their sound was more celebrated. similarly, many established state acts who no retentive received commercial airplay, including Emmylou Harris and Lyle Lovett, began to flourish again. [ 166 ]
contemporary country and western revival [edit ]
During the mid-1980s, a group of new artists began to emerge who rejected the more polish country-pop voice that had been outstanding on radio and the charts, in party favor of more, traditional, “ back-to-basics ” production. Many of the artists during the latter one-half of the 1980s draw on traditional barrelhouse, bluegrass, folk music and western dangle. Artists who typified this audio included Travis Tritt, Reba McEntire, George Strait, Keith Whitley, Alan Jackson, John Anderson, Patty Loveless, Kathy Mattea, Randy Travis, Dwight Yoakam, Clint Black, Ricky Skaggs, and the Judds. Beginning in 1989, a concourse of events brought an unprecedented commercial boom to country music. New market strategies were used to engage fans, powered by technology that more accurately tracked the popularity of country music, and boosted by a political and economic climate that focused attention on the writing style. Garth Brooks ( “ Friends in low Places ” ) in detail attracted fans with his fusion of neotraditionalist country and stadium rock. other artists such as Brooks and Dunn ( “ Boot Scootin ‘ Boogie ” ) besides combined conventional state with slickness, rock elements, while Lorrie Morgan, Mary Chapin Carpenter, and Kathy Mattea updated neotraditionalist styles. [ 115 ] Roots of cautious state was Lee Greenwood ‘s “ God Bless the USA ”. [ 168 ] The September 11 attacks of 2001 and the economic recession helped move country music back into the spotlight. many area artists, such as Alan Jackson with his ballad on terrorist attacks, “ Where Were You ( When the World Stopped Turning ) “, wrote songs that celebrated the military, highlighted the gospel, and emphasized base and kin values over wealth. Alt-Country singer Ryan Adams song “ New York, New York “ pays tribute to New York City, and its popular music video recording ( which was shot 4 days before the attacks ) shows Adams playing in front of the Manhattan skyline, Along with several shots of the city. In contrast, more rock-oriented area singers took more calculate purpose at the attacks ‘ perpetrators ; Toby Keith ‘s “ Courtesy of the Red, White and Blue ( The Angry American ) “ threatened to “ a boot in ” the buttocks of the enemy, while Charlie Daniels ‘s “ This Ai n’t No Rag, It ‘s a Flag “ promised to “ hunt ” the perpetrators “ down like a harebrained frump cad. ” These songs gained such recognition that it put nation music back into popular acculturation. [ 169 ] Darryl Worley recorded “ Have You Forgotten ” besides. There have been numerous patriotic country songs throughout the years. [ 170 ] [ 171 ] Some modern artists that chiefly or entirely grow state pop music include Kacey Musgraves, Maren Morris, Kelsea Ballerini, Sam Hunt, Kane Brown, Chris Lane, and Dan + Shay. [ 172 ] The singers who are depart of this state movement are besides defined as “ Nashville ‘s new generation of country ”. [ 173 ] Although the changes made by the new coevals, it has been recognized by major music awards associations and s uccesses in Billboard and international charts. Golden Hour by Kacey Musgraves won album of the year at 61st annual Grammy Awards, Academy of Country Music Awards, Country Music Association Awards, [ 174 ] although it has received widespread criticism from the more hidebound public. [ 175 ]
Midland, one of the most popular neotraditional honky-tonk bands due to the achiever of video game Red Dead Redemption, the western genre once again became a part of democratic acculturation. [ 176 ] The Western music manner besides garnered a popular revival. Following which western music genres such as New Mexico music, Tejano and Texas area music have become host to numerous contemporary neotraditional musicians, outlets like Los 15 Grandes de Nuevo México, Texas Country Music Chart, and Tejano Nation cover these genres. Artists presently paving the way for the subgenres include Cody Johnson, [ 177 ] Shawn Brooks, [ 178 ] Midland, [ 179 ] Josh Grider, [ 180 ] Aaron Watson, [ 181 ] Str8 Shot, [ 182 ] Randy Rogers Band, [ 183 ] Dynette Marie Cordova, [ 184 ] Mario Lucero, [ 185 ] Roger Creager, [ 186 ] Dawn Luz, [ 187 ] and Pat Green. [ 188 ] Musicians like Lorenzo Antonio are successful in both Mexico and the US, much like Freddy Fender, Johnny Rodriguez, and Al Hurricane did in the past. That crossing in ongoing, with Midland doing a Spanish-language screen of their sung “ Drinkin ‘ song ” with Jay De La Cueva, and early mexican artists have begun to have success performing neotraditional-style including Chiquis Rivera, Joss Favela, Carin Leon, Becky G, and Teo & Diego. [ 189 ] tied pop musicians with New Mexico and Texas origins, like Demi Lovato, have had country music achiever. [ 190 ] Traditional Western musicians Colter Wall and Poor Mans Poison have had viral songs, such as “ Hell ‘s Comin ‘ With Me ” by Poor Man ‘s Poison. [ 191 ] [ 192 ]
International [edit ]
Australia [edit ]
australian nation music has a long custom. Influenced by US country music, it has developed a distinct style, shaped by british and irish folk music ballads and australian bush balladeers like Henry Lawson and Banjo Paterson. area instruments, including the guitar, banjo, toy and harmonica, create the distinctive reasoned of area music in Australia and company songs with solid storyline and memorable chorus. Folk songs sung in Australia between the 1780s and 1920s, based around such themes as the struggle against government dictatorship, or the lives of bushrangers, swagmen, drovers, stockmen and shearers, continue to influence the genre. This stress of australian country, with lyrics focusing on australian subjects, is generally known as “ shrub music ” or “ bush band music ”. “ Waltzing Matilda “, frequently regarded as Australia ‘s unofficial national hymn, is a quintessential australian country song, influenced more by british and irish tribe ballads than by US nation and western music. The lyrics were composed by the poet Banjo Paterson in 1895. other popular songs from this tradition include “ The Wild Colonial Boy “, “ Click Go the Shears “, “ The Queensland Drover ” and “ The Dying Stockman ”. Later themes which endure to the portray include the experiences of war, of droughts and flooding rains, of Aboriginality and of the railways and hauling routes which link Australia ‘s huge distances. [ 193 ] [ 194 ] Pioneers of a more americanize popular nation music in Australia included Tex Morton ( known as “ The Father of australian Country Music ” ) in the 1930s. writer Andrew Smith delivers a through research and engaged watch of Tex Morton ‘s life and his shock on the country music scene in Australia in the 1930s and 1940s. other early stars included Buddy Williams, Shirley Thoms and Smoky Dawson. Buddy Williams ( 1918–1986 ) was the first Australian-born to record country music in Australia in the late 1930s and was the pioneer of a distinctly australian style of nation music called the bush ballad that others such as Slim Dusty would make popular in late years. During the second World War, many of Buddy Williams recording sessions were done whilst on leave from the Army. At the end of the war, Williams would go on to operate some of the largest travelling tent rodeo shows Australia has always seen. In 1952, Dawson began a radio show and went on to home stardom as a singing cowboy of radio, television and film. Slim Dusty ( 1927–2003 ) was known as the “ King of australian Country Music ” and helped to popularise the australian bush-league ballad. His successful career spanned about six decades, and his 1957 hit “ A Pub with No Beer “ was the biggest-selling read by an australian to that time, and with over seven million commemorate sales in Australia he is the most successful artist in australian melodious history. [ 195 ] Dusty recorded and released his one-hundredth album in the year 2000 and was given the award of singing “ Waltzing Matilda “ in the close up ceremony of the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games. Dusty ‘s wife Joy McKean penned several of his most popular songs .
Chad Morgan, who began recording in the 1950s, has represented a vaudeville dash of comedian australian state ; Frank Ifield achieved considerable success in the early on 1960s, particularly in the UK Singles Charts and Reg Lindsay was one of the first Australians to perform at Nashville ‘s Grand Ole Opry in 1974. [ 196 ] Eric Bogle ‘s 1972 tribe dirge to the Gallipoli Campaign “ And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda “ recalled the british and irish origins of australian folk-country. Singer-songwriter Paul Kelly, whose music style straddles folk, rock and country, is often described as the poet laureate of australian music. [ 197 ] By the 1990s, area music had attained crossing over achiever in the pop charts, with artists like James Blundell and James Reyne singing “ Way Out West “, and nation star Kasey Chambers winning the ARIA Award for Best Female Artist in three years ( 2000, 2002 and 2004 ), tying with pop stars Wendy Matthews and Sia for the most wins in that class. Furthermore, Chambers has gone on to win nine ARIA Awards for Best Country Album and, in 2018, became the youngest artist to always be inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame. The crossover voter influence of australian area is besides discernible in the music of successful contemporaneous bands the Waifs and the John Butler Trio. Nick Cave has been heavily influenced by the nation artist Johnny Cash. In 2000, Cash, covered Cave ‘s “ The Mercy Seat “ on the album American III: Solitary Man, apparently repaying Cave for the compliment he paid by covering Cash ‘s “ The Singer ” ( primitively “ The Folk Singer “ ) on his Kicking Against the Pricks album. subsequently, Cave cut a couple with Cash on a version of Hank Williams ‘ “ I ‘m thus Lonesome I Could Cry “ for Cash ‘s American IV: The Man Comes Around album ( 2002 ). [ 198 ] popular contemporary performers of australian area music include John Williamson ( who wrote the iconic “ True Blue “ ), Lee Kernaghan ( whose hits include “ Boys from the Bush ” and “ The Outback Club “ ), Gina Jeffreys, Forever Road and Sara Storer. In the U.S., Olivia Newton-John, Sherrié Austin and Keith Urban have attained great success. During her time as a area singer in the 1970s, Newton-John became the first ( and to date only ) non-US winner of the Country Music Association Award for Female Vocalist of the Year which many considered a controversial decision by the CMA ; after starring in the rock ‘n’ roll musical film Grease in 1978, Newton-John ( mirroring the character she played in the film ) shifted to pop music in the 1980s. Urban is arguably considered the most successful external australian country star, winning nine CMA Awards, including three Male Vocalist of the Year wins and two wins of the CMA ‘s crown respect Entertainer of the Year. Pop star Kylie Minogue found achiever with her 2018 country pop album Golden which she recorded in Nashville reaching numeral one in Scotland, the UK and her native Australia. area music has been a peculiarly democratic form of musical expression among autochthonal Australians. Troy Cassar-Daley is among Australia ‘s successful contemporary autochthonal performers, and Kev Carmody and Archie Roach employ a combination of folk-rock and country music to sing about Aboriginal rights issues. [ 199 ] The Tamworth Country Music Festival began in 1973 and now attracts up to 100,000 visitors per annum. Held in Tamworth, New South Wales ( area music capital of Australia ), it celebrates the acculturation and inheritance of australian country music. During the festival the CMAA holds the Country Music Awards of Australia ceremony awarding the Golden Guitar trophies. other meaning area music festivals include the Whittlesea Country Music Festival ( near Melbourne ) and the Mildura Country Music Festival for “ mugwump ” performers during October, and the Canberra Country Music Festival held in the national capital during November. Country HQ showcases modern endowment on the emanation in the state music scene down under. CMC ( the Country Music Channel ), a 24‑hour music channel dedicated to non-stop area music, can be viewed on pay up television and features once a class the Golden Guitar Awards, CMAs and CCMAs alongside international shows such as The Wilkinsons, The Road Hammers, and Country Music Across America .
Canada [edit ]
Shania Twain in 2011 Outside of the United States, Canada has the largest country music sports fan and artist base, something that is to be expected given the two countries ‘ proximity and cultural parallels. Mainstream area music is culturally ingrained in the prairie provinces, the british Columbia Interior, Ontario, and in Atlantic Canada. [ 200 ] Celtic traditional music developed in Atlantic Canada in the phase of scottish, acadian and irish tribe music democratic amongst Irish, French and scots immigrants to Canada ‘s Atlantic Provinces ( Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island ). [ 200 ] Like the southerly United States and Appalachia, all four regions are of fleshy british Isles banal and rural ; as such, the development of traditional music in the Maritimes reasonably mirrored the development of nation music in the US South and Appalachia. Country and Western music never actually grow individually in Canada ; however, after its introduction to Canada, following the spread of radio, it developed quite quickly out of the Atlantic Canadian traditional scene. While true Atlantic Canadian traditional music is very celtic or “ ocean chantey “ in nature, even today, the lines have much been blurred. Certain areas frequently are viewed as embracing one tenor or the other more openly. For case, in Newfoundland the traditional music remains singular and irish in nature, whereas traditional musicians in other parts of the region may play both genres interchangeably. Don Messer’s Jubilee was a Halifax, Nova Scotia -based country/folk kind television picture that was broadcast nationally from 1957 to 1969. In Canada it out-performed The Ed Sullivan Show broadcast from the United States and became the top-rated television show throughout much of the 1960s. Don Messer’s Jubilee followed a coherent format throughout its years, beginning with a tune named “ Goin ‘ to the Barndance Tonight ”, followed by fiddle tunes by Messer, songs from some of his “ Islanders ” including singers Marg Osburne and Charlie Chamberlain, the have guest performance, and a close hymn. It ended with “ Till We Meet Again “. The guest operation slot gave national exposure to numerous canadian folk musicians, including Stompin ‘ Tom Connors and Catherine McKinnon. Some nautical area performers went on to far fame beyond Canada. Hank Snow, Wilf Carter ( besides known as Montana Slim ), and Anne Murray are the three most luminary. The cancellation of the show by the populace broadcaster in 1969 caused a nationally protest, including the raise of questions in the Parliament of Canada. The Prairie provinces, due to their western cowboy and agrarian nature, are the true heartland of canadian country music. [ 200 ] While the Prairies never developed a traditional music culture anything like the Maritimes, the folk music of the Prairies often reflected the cultural origins of the settlers, who were a mix of Scottish, Ukrainian, German and others. For these reasons polkas and western music were constantly popular in the region, and with the introduction of the radio, mainstream country music flourished. As the polish of the area is westerly and frontier in nature, the specific music genre of country and westerly is more popular today in the Prairies than in any other region of the nation. No other sphere of the nation embraces all aspects of the culture, from two-step dancing, to the cowboy dress, to rodeos, to the music itself, like the Prairies do. The Atlantic Provinces, on the other hand, produce far more traditional musicians, but they are not normally specifically country in nature, normally bordering more on the family or celtic genres. [ 200 ] canadian state pop headliner Shania Twain is the best-selling female area artist of all fourth dimension and one of the best-selling artists of all time in any genre. [ 201 ] [ 202 ] Furthermore, she is the entirely woman to have three consecutive albums be certified Diamond .
Mexico and Latin America [edit ]
Country music artists from the U.S. have seen crossing over appeal with latin american audiences, peculiarly in Mexico. particularly artists from the Southwestern United States in the genres of New Mexico music and Tejano “ Tex-Mex ” which are popular, throughout Latin America, beyond their New Mexico and Texas audiences. [ 185 ] many Country music artists from throughout the U.S. have recorded renditions of Mexican folk music songs, including “ El Rey “ which was performed on George Strait ‘s Twang album and during Al Hurricane ‘s protection concert. even american english Latin pop music crossing over musicians, like Lorenzo Antonio ‘s “ Ranchera Jam ” have combined mexican staples “ Cielito Lindo “ and Tito Guízar ‘s “ Allá en el Rancho Grande “ with country music classics Johnny Cash ‘s “ Folsom Prison Blues “ and Hank Williams ‘ “ Jambalaya ( On the Bayou ) “, in a New Mexico music style. During the 1970s, Tejano music singer-songwriter Freddy Fender had two # 1 country music singles, that were popular throughout North America, with “ Before the following Teardrop Falls “ and “ otiose Days and Wasted Nights “. [ 203 ] Songs inspired by Hispanic and latin polish have hanker been performed by US area music artists, including Marty Robbins ‘ “ El Paso “ trilogy, Willie Nelson and Merle Haggard covering the Townes Van Zandt song “ Pancho and Lefty “, “ Toes “ by Zac Brown Band, and “ Sangria “ by Blake Shelton. regional Mexican is a radio format featuring many of Mexico ‘s versions of state music. It includes a numeral of unlike styles, normally named after their region of beginning. One specific sung manner, the Canción Ranchera, or plainly Ranchera, literally meaning “ ranch birdcall ”, found its origins in the Mexican countryside and was beginning popularized with Mariachi. It has since besides become popular with Grupero, Banda, Norteño, Tierra Caliente, Duranguense and other regional mexican styles. The Corrido, a different song style with a similar history, is besides performed in many other regional styles, and is most associate to the western expressive style of the United States and Canada. other song styles performed in regional Mexican music include Ballads, Cumbias, Boleros, among others. Country en Español ( Country in Spanish ) is besides popular in Mexico. Some mexican artists began performing country songs in spanish during the 1970s, and the genre became outstanding chiefly in the northerly regions of the state during the 1980s. A Country en Español popularity boom besides reached the central regions of Mexico during the 1990s. For most of its history, Country en Español by and large resembled Neotraditional country. however, in more advanced times, some artists have incorporated influences from other area music subgenres. In Brazil, there is Música Sertaneja, the most popular music genre in that nation. It originated in the countryside of São Paulo express in the 1910s, before the exploitation of US country music. In Argentina, on the final weekend of September, the annual San Pedro Country Music Festival [ 204 ] [ better source needed ] takes place in the town of San Pedro, Buenos Aires. The festival features bands from different places in Argentina, deoxyadenosine monophosphate well as external artists from Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, Peru and the U.S .
United Kingdom [edit ]
Country music is popular in the United Kingdom, although slightly less sol than in other english-speaking countries. There are some british nation music acts and publications. Although radio stations devoted to nation are among the most popular in early Anglophone nations, none of the exceed ten most-listened-to stations in the UK are nation stations, and national broadcaster BBC Radio does not offer a full-time state station ( BBC Radio 2 Country, a “ pop fly ” station, operated four days each class between 2015 and 2017 ). The BBC does offer a area show on BBC Radio 2 each week hosted by Bob Harris. [ 205 ] The most successful british country music act of the twenty-first hundred are Ward Thomas and the Shires. In 2015, the Shires ‘ album Brave, became the first UK state act ever to chart in the top 10 of the UK Albums Chart and they became the inaugural UK state act to receive an prize from the american Country Music Association. [ 206 ] In 2016, Ward Thomas then became the first UK country act to hit number 1 in the UK Albums Chart with their album Cartwheels. There is the C2C : state to Country festival held every year, and for many years there was a festival at Wembley Arena, which was broadcast on the BBC, the International Festivals of Country Music, promoted by Mervyn Conn, held at the venue between 1969 and 1991. The shows were later taken into Europe, and featured such stars as Johnny Cash, Dolly Parton, Tammy Wynette, David Allan Coe, Emmylou Harris, Boxcar Willie, Johnny Russell and Jerry Lee Lewis. A handful of country musicians had even greater success in mainstream british music than they did in the U.S., despite a certain sum of reject from the music weight-lift. Britain ‘s largest music festival Glastonbury has featured major US nation acts in holocene years, such as Kenny Rogers in 2013 and Dolly Parton in 2014 .
From within the UK, few country musicians achieved widespread mainstream success. many british singers who performed the episodic country songs are of other genres. Tom Jones, by this item near the end of his top out achiever as a pop singer, had a string of country hits in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The Bee Gees had some evanesce achiever in the genre, with one state hit as artists ( “ Rest Your Love on Me “ ) and a major hit as songwriters ( “ Islands in the Stream “ ) ; Barry Gibb, the band ‘s common conduct singer and last surviving member, acknowledged that nation music was a major influence on the band ‘s style. [ 207 ] Singer Engelbert Humperdinck, while charting only once in the U.S. state top 40 with “ After the Lovin ‘, ” achieved far-flung success on both the U.S. and british pop charts with his covers of Nashville country ballads such as “ Release Me, ” “ Am I That Easy to Forget “ and “ There Goes My Everything. ” The songwriting tandem of Roger Cook and Roger Greenaway wrote a number of state hits, in addition to their far-flung success in dad songwriting ; Cook is noteworthy for being the only Briton to be inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame. Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler initially started her career making country records, and in 1978 her single “ It ‘s a Heartache “ reached number four on the UK Singles Chart. In 2013, Tyler returned to her roots, blending the state elements of her early exploit with the rock of her successful material on her album Rocks and Honey which featured a couple with Vince Gill. A niche state subgenre popular in the West Country is Scrumpy and Western, which consists by and large of bangle songs and drollery music recorded there ( its diagnose comes from scrumpy, an alcoholic beverage ). A primarily local matter to, the largest scrumpy and western hit in the UK and Ireland was “ The Combine Harvester, ” which pioneered the genre and reached number one in both the UK and Ireland ; Fred Wedlock had a number-six hit in 1981 with “ The Oldest swinger in Town. ” The british Country Music Festival is an annual three-day festival held in the seaside resort of Blackpool. It uniquely promotes artists from the United Kingdom and Ireland to celebrate the impingement that Celtic and british settlers to America had on the origins of nation music. Past headline artists have included Amy Wadge, Ward Thomas, Tom Odell, Nathan Carter, Lisa McHugh, Catherine McGrath, Wildwood Kin, The Wandering Hearts and Henry Priestman. [ 208 ]
ireland [edit ]
In Ireland, Country and Irish is a music genre that combines traditional irish tribe music with US nation music. Television transmit TG4 began a bay for Ireland ‘s following nation star called Glór Tíre, translated as “ Country Voice ”. It is now in its one-sixth season and is one of TG4 ‘s most-watched television receiver shows. Over the by ten years, nation and gospel recording artist James Kilbane has reached multi-platinum achiever with his mix of Christian and traditional country influenced albums. James Kilbane like many early irish artists is nowadays working closer with Nashville. Daniel O’Donnell achieved external success with his stigmatize of music crossing country, Irish family and european easy listen, earning a impregnable keep up among older women [ 209 ] both in the british Isles and in North America. A holocene success in the Irish sphere has been Crystal Swing .
Japan and Asia [edit ]
In Japan, there are forms of J-country and J-Western similar to other J-pop movements, J-hip hop and J-rock. [ 210 ] [ 176 ] [ 211 ] One of the first J-Western musicians was Biji Kuroda & The Chuck Wagon Boys, other vintage artists included Jimmie Tokita and His batch Playboys, The Blue Rangers, Wagon Aces, and Tomi Fujiyama. [ 210 ] J-country continues to have a dedicated play along in Japan, thanks to Charlie Nagatani, Katsuoshi Suga, J.T. Kanehira, Dicky Kitano, and Manami Sekiya. [ 210 ] Country and Western venues in Japan include the former annual Country Gold which were put together by Charlie Nagatani, and the modern whitey tonks at Little Texas in Tokyo and Armadillo in Nagoya. [ 212 ] [ 213 ] [ 214 ] In India, there is an annual concert festival called “ Blazing Guitars ” [ 215 ] held in Chennai brings together anglo-indian musicians from all over the nation ( including some who have emigrated to places like Australia ). The year 2003 brought home – originate indian, Bobby Cash to the forefront of the country music culture in India when he became India ‘s first international country music artist to chart singles in Australia. In the Philippines, area music has found their way into Cordilleran way of life, which often compares the Igorot life style to that of US cowboys. Baguio City has an FM station that caters to country music, DZWR 99.9 Country, which is share of the Catholic Media Network. Bombo Radyo Baguio has a segment on its Sunday slot for Igorot, Ilocano and area music. And as of recently, DWUB occasionally plays country music .
other external country music [edit ]
Tom Roland, from the Country Music Association International, explains area music ‘s ball-shaped popularity : “ In this respect, at least, Country Music listeners around the earth have something in common with those in the United States. In Germany, for example, Rohrbach identifies three general groups that gravitate to the writing style : people intrigued with the US cowboy picture, middle-aged fans who seek an alternate to harder rock music and younger listeners drawn to the pop-influenced sound that underscores many current Country hits. ” [ 216 ] One of the first US people to perform state music abroad was George Hamilton IV. He was the foremost nation musician to perform in the Soviet Union ; he besides toured in Australia and the Middle East. He was deemed the “ International Ambassador of Country Music ” for his contributions to the globalization of country music. [ 217 ] Johnny Cash, Emmylou Harris, Keith Urban, and Dwight Yoakam have besides made numerous international tours. [ 216 ] The Country Music Association undertakes versatile initiatives to promote nation music internationally. [ 216 ]
Middle East [edit ]
In Iran, nation music has appeared in recent years. According to Melody Music Magazine, the pioneer of country music in Iran is the english-speaking country music band Dream Rovers, whose fall through, singer and songwriter is Erfan Rezayatbakhsh ( elf ). [ 218 ] The band was formed in 2007 in Tehran, [ 219 ] and during this fourth dimension they have been trying to introduce and popularize state music in Iran by releasing two studio albums [ 220 ] and performing bouncy at concerts, despite the difficulties that the Islamic government in Iran makes for bands that are active in the western music field. [ 221 ] musician Toby Keith performed aboard Saudi Arabian folk music musician Rabeh Sager in 2017. [ 222 ] [ 223 ] This concert was similar to the performances of Jazz ambassadors that performed distinctively american english style music internationally. [ 224 ]
Continental Europe [edit ]
Vanha Isäntä, a finnish area rock ‘n’ roll band, performing at the Helsinki Festival ‘s alfresco concert in Kaivopuisto in 1974. Seppo Sillanpää ( violin ) on the leftover and Olli Haavisto ( guitar ) on the right. In Sweden, Rednex rose to stardom combining state music with electro-pop in the 1990s. In 1994, the group had a global strike with their version of the traditional Southern tune “ Cotton-Eyed Joe “. Artists popularizing more traditional nation music in Sweden have been Ann-Louise Hanson, Hasse Andersson, Kikki Danielsson, Elisabeth Andreassen and Jill Johnson. In Poland an international country music festival, known as Piknik Country, has been organised in Mrągowo in Masuria since 1983. The number of country music artists in France has increased. Some of the most important [ according to whom? ] are Liane Edwards, Annabel, Rockie Mountains, Tahiana, and Lili West. french rock ‘n’ roll and roll singer Eddy Mitchell is besides inspired by Americana and nation music. In the Netherlands there are many artists producing popular nation and Americana music, which is by and large in the english linguistic process, angstrom well as dutch area and country-like music in the dutch linguistic process. The latter is chiefly democratic on the countrysides in the northern and easterly parts of the Netherlands and is less associated with his US brother, although it sounds sometimes very alike. well-known democratic artists chiefly performing in English are Waylon, Danny Vera, Ilse DeLange, Douwe Bob and the isthmus Savannah. The most popular artist in Dutch is Henk Wijngaard .
Performers and shows [edit ]
US cable television [edit ]
several US television networks are at least partially devoted to the writing style : country Music Television ( the first distribution channel devoted to state music ) and CMT Music ( both owned by Paramount Global ), RFD-TV and The Cowboy Channel ( both owned by rural Media Group ), Heartland ( owned by Get After It Media ), Circle ( a joint venture of the Grand Ole Opry and Gray Television ), and The Country Network ( owned by TCN Country, LLC ). The Nashville Network ( TNN ) was launched in 1983 as a channel devoted to country music, and former added sports and outdoor life style scheduling. It actually launched equitable two days after CMT. In 2000, after TNN and CMT fell under the like corporate ownership, TNN was stripped of its country format and rebranded as The National Network, then Spike TV in 2003, Spike in 2006, and finally Paramount Network in 2018. TNN was later revived from 2012 to 2013 after Jim Owens Entertainment ( the company responsible for big TNN hosts Crook & Chase ) acquired the hallmark and licensed it to Luken Communications ; that distribution channel renamed itself Heartland after Luken was embroiled in an unrelated quarrel that left the company bankrupt. great american Country ( GAC ) was launched in 1995, besides as a country music-oriented channel that would late add life style programming pertaining to the american Heartland and South. In form 2021, GAC ‘s then-owner, Discovery, Inc. divested the net to GAC Media, which besides acquired the horseman network Ride television receiver. late, in the summer of that year, GAC Media relaunched Great american Country as GAC Family, a family-oriented general entertainment network, while Ride TV was relaunched as GAC Living, a net devoted to programming pertaining to lifestyles of the American South. The GAC acronym which once stood for “ great american english Country ” now stands for “ great american Channels ” .
canadian television receiver [edit ]
only one television channel was dedicated to state music in Canada : CMT owned by Corus Entertainment ( 90 % ) and Viacom ( 10 % ). however, the pilfer of hard-and-fast genre license restrictions saw the net remove the last of its music program at the end of August 2017 for a schedule of generic off-network family sitcoms, Cancom -compliant life style program, and world program. In the by, the current-day Cottage Life network saw some area focus as Country Canada and late, CBC Country Canada before that network drifted into an alternate network for overflow CBC contented as Bold. Stingray Music continues to maintain respective country music audio-only channels on cable radio. In the by, area music had an extensive presence, specially on the canadian national broadcaster, CBC Television. The appearance Don Messer’s Jubilee importantly affect country music in Canada ; for example, it was the program that launched Anne Murray ‘s career. Gordie Tapp ‘s Country Hoedown and its successor, The Tommy Hunter Show, ran for a combined 36 years on the CBC, from 1956 to 1992 ; in its last nine years on vent, the U.S. cable network TNN carried Hunter ‘s indicate .
australian cable television receiver [edit ]
The entirely network dedicated to country music in Australia was the Country Music Channel owned by Foxtel. It ceased operations in June 2020 and was replaced by CMT ( owned by network 10 parent ship’s company Paramount Networks UK & Australia ). [ citation needed ]
british digital television [edit ]
One music television channel is now dedicated to state music in the United Kingdom : Spotlight TV, owned by Canis Media .
Festivals [edit ]
criticism [edit ]
Subgenres misrepresented on stream services [edit ]
Computer skill and music experts identified issues with algorithm on streaming services such as Spotify and Apple Music, specifically the categoric homogenization of music curation and metadata within larger genres such as area music. Musicians and songs from minority heritage styles, such as appalachian, Cajun, New Mexico, and Tejano music, underperform on these platforms due to underrepresentation and miscategorization of these subgenres. [ 225 ] [ 226 ] [ 89 ] [ 227 ] [ 228 ]
Race write out in modern country music [edit ]
The Country Music Association has awarded the New Artist award to a Black American alone twice in 63 years, and never to a hispanic musician. The broader modern Nashville -based Country music industry has underrepresented significant Black and Latino contributions within Country music, including popular subgenres such as Cajun, Creole, Tejano, and New Mexico music. [ 229 ] [ 230 ] [ 231 ] A 2021 CNN article states, “ Some in country music have signaled that they are no longer content to be associated with a afflictive history of racism. ” [ 230 ] [ 232 ] [ 233 ] In February 2021, TMZ released a video of Morgan Wallen that was recorded outside his Nashville home in which he used a racial slur. The incident resulted in Morgan Wallen ‘s suspension from his record label and the removal of his music from major radio networks in the United States. [ 234 ] The Country Music Association awarded Wallen its New Artist of the Year award in 2020, but after Wallen ‘s consumption of the smudge the arrangement declined to revoke the award, possibly because Wallen ‘s music experienced a surge in commercial success following the incident. [ 235 ] [ 236 ] Black country-music artist Mickey Guyton has been included among the nominees for the 2021 award, effectively creating a litmus-test for the genre. Guyton has expressed bewilderment that, despite substantial coverage by on-line platforms like Spotify and Apple Music, her music, like that of Valerie June, [ citation needed ] another Black musician who embraces aspects of country in her Appalachian- and Gospel-tinged shape and who has been embraced by international music audiences, is hush efficaciously ignored by american air country-music radio. [ 237 ] Guyton ‘s 2021 album Remember Her Name in partially references the character of Black health-care professional Breonna Taylor, [ citation needed ] who was killed in her home by patrol. [ 238 ]
See besides [edit ]
References [edit ]
farther read [edit ]
I am broadly interested in how human activities influence the ability of wildlife to persist in the modified environments that we create.
Specifically, my research investigates how the configuration and composition of landscapes influence the movement and population dynamics of forest birds. Both natural and human-derived fragmenting of habitat can influence where birds settle, how they access the resources they need to survive and reproduce, and these factors in turn affect population demographics. Most recently, I have been studying the ability of individuals to move through and utilize forested areas which have been modified through timber harvest as they seek out resources for the breeding and postfledging phases. As well I am working in collaboration with Parks Canada scientists to examine in the influence of high density moose populations on forest bird communities in Gros Morne National Park. Many of my projects are conducted in collaboration or consultation with representatives of industry and government agencies, seeking to improve the management and sustainability of natural resource extraction.