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Mouth Ulcers In Cats: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

IAN WARKENTIN by IAN WARKENTIN
March 6, 2023
Mouth Ulcers In Cats: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment


This article aims to explain the ins and outs of canker sores in cats, providing a simple and clear explanation of canker sores for pet owners who may be infected in their cats and for those who want to learn more.

What are canker sores in cats?

Ulcers are open sores caused by breaks in the skin or mucous membranes that do not heal. Ulcers may appear internally or externally. In the oral cavity, this means a breakdown of the oral mucosa.

Cats with canker sores have painful areas inside the mouth. Canker sores are also known as canker sores or canker sores. Ulcers look raw and red, and they can be seen as obvious defects in the smooth mucous membranes that line the inside of the lips, gums, tongue, hard palate, and other structures.

Canker sores are often seen as part of a general condition called feline stomatitis, which means inflammation of the mouth, concurrent with gingivitis (inflammation of the gums) and/or gingivitis (inflammation of the mouth and gums). This type of periodontal disease is often associated with autoimmune and dental diseases. Canker sores are seen as specific, often inflamed lesions in the mouth.

What Are the Symptoms of Mouth Ulcers in Cats?

Canker sores are painful, which explains many of the clinical symptoms in cats with canker sores.

  • Making sounds when opening mouth (eg, meowing, roaring)
  • Refusing to eat despite walking towards the food bowl as if hungry
  • loss of appetite
  • Eating from one side of the mouth, or food falling out while eating
  • lose weight
  • pick in mouth
  • halitosis (bad breath)
  • Drooling (excessive salivation, technically called “salivation”)
  • Poor coat condition (cat stops self-grooming due to mouth pain)
  • red and/or swollen gums
  • Sometimes sneezing, if the condition is related to a viral infection

What Causes Mouth Ulcers in Cats?

Mouth sores can be caused by a variety of things, including viral infections, bacterial infections, and diabetes.

Mouth sores can be caused by anything that inflames the lining of the mouth. Common causes include:

  • Viral infections, such as feline calicivirus and to a lesser extent feline herpesvirus (both of which are feline influenza viruses), as well as feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus
  • Bacterial infections
  • Physical irritants, such as hairballs or foreign objects
  • Other diseases (tumours, such as squamous cell carcinoma)
  • Allergic reactions to foods and other substances that lead to oral immune system disorders such as eosinophilic granuloma
  • Systemic disease (eg, renal failure, diabetes)

How common are mouth sores?

Mouth sores are common in cats of all ages.

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Diagnosis of Mouth Ulcers

If you suspect that your cat may have mouth sores, you should take them to the veterinarian, who will attempt to determine the underlying cause of the mouth sores so that appropriate treatment can be given.

Detailed medical history

Your veterinarian will discuss all aspects of your cat’s condition and your pet’s general health, looking for clues as to the cause of the ulcer, especially any factors that may have directly contributed to the ulcer.

This will include asking about your pet’s vaccination status, dietary history (including any supplements given), parasite control (for example, checking for fleas as a routine part of health checks), and contact with other cats.

Body checkup

Your veterinarian will examine your cat carefully, looking for mouth sores and any possible causes for their development. This will include a careful examination of the mouth, including the gums, tongue and all of your cat’s teeth, including premolars and molars, as well as a full general examination.

Routine blood tests and urinalysis

Your veterinarian will most likely perform blood work, including the usual diagnostic tests such as hematology (complete blood count and evaluation of blood cells) and biochemical analysis. With mouth sores, usually there may not be much abnormality, but it is still important to check.

Systemic diseases that can cause mouth sores will be ruled out (eg, liver disease, kidney disease, diabetes, etc.), as blood parameters reflecting these areas of the body are usually normal, indicating that your cat is generally in good health.

As with many other sick cats, a urinalysis will be performed, as part of a general investigation, as a routine part of a good veterinarian.

specialized blood tests

Your veterinarian may recommend specific blood tests for certain viral infections, such as feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), as these may be related to the underlying cause of mouth sores, and if your cat tests positive , it is significant for any of them.

other tests

  • Radiography (X-rays) may be taken of the skull to check for deeper aspects of dental disease.
  • In complicated or long-standing cases, a biopsy of the ulcerated area may be taken. This is the only sure way to confirm the diagnosis of some specific causes of mouth sores such as tumors.

Your veterinarian can advise you on what detailed investigations are needed.

How do you treat mouth sores in cats?

To prevent mouth inflammation, your veterinarian may recommend that you start a home dental care routine.

Generally, the aim is to identify and treat the underlying cause.

  • Pain medication may be given to reduce discomfort.
  • Soft foods may be recommended to reduce pain while eating.
  • Antimicrobial therapy may be prescribed if a bacterial infection is the cause of the problem.
  • Corticosteroids may be given to reduce oral inflammation.
  • Teeth cleaning will be discussed. Calculus buildup is often associated with oral inflammation, and good dental care at home, including brushing, is an important part of oral hygiene.
  • Affected cats often require ongoing treatment for months or years.
  • Specific treatment for the underlying cause is also possible, if it can be identified.
  • Some causes may have been ruled out and the patient just needs to be stabilized (eg, ingestion of a stimulant).
  • Other diseases such as tumors may require surgery.

Surveillance and Prognosis

Your veterinarian will advise you on what follow-up care is needed, but in general, monitoring your pet is the primary way to confirm that it is making a full recovery.

The prognosis for most cases of mouth ulcers is reasonable.

in conclusion

Mouth sores are a common and painful condition in cats, but effective treatment is usually available once the cause of the problem has been identified.

common problem

How long do mouth sores last in cats?

Mouth sores do not go away on their own and may linger for months or years if not treated properly. They are painful, which is why it is important to see a veterinarian for prompt treatment.

How Do I Treat My Cat’s Mouth Sores at Home?

There are no easy home remedies for mouth sores in cats. You need to seek professional help from a veterinarian. Having a good home dental care regime really helps, including brushing and soft foods. But these alone are not enough to treat mouth sores.

How are canker sores in cats different from canker sores in humans?

The most common cause of canker sores in humans is an injury (eg, accidentally biting the inside of the cheek). In most cases, canker sores in humans are harmless and resolve on their own within 10 to 14 days without treatment. This doesn’t happen to cats. Humans also suffer from a different specific problem, the aphthous ulcer, which is a recurring ulcer of unknown cause that affects about 20% of the population. Cats don’t get that.

What Are the Symptoms of Mouth Ulcers in Cats?

Mouth sores are painful and are responsible for many of the symptoms cats experience, including loss of appetite, drooling, mouth pawing, and weight loss.

What can I do if my cat has mouth sores?

Mouth sores in cats won’t get better on their own, so you should take your cat to the veterinarian so that the source of the problem can be determined and properly managed.

When should I take my cat to the vet for mouth ulcers?

Ulcers are painful, so if your cat has mouth sores, you should take them to the veterinarian as soon as possible.

IAN WARKENTIN

I am broadly interested in how human activities influence the ability of wildlife to persist in the modified environments that we create.

Specifically, my research investigates how the configuration and composition of landscapes influence the movement and population dynamics of forest birds. Both natural and human-derived fragmenting of habitat can influence where birds settle, how they access the resources they need to survive and reproduce, and these factors in turn affect population demographics. Most recently, I have been studying the ability of individuals to move through and utilize forested areas which have been modified through timber harvest as they seek out resources for the breeding and postfledging phases. As well I am working in collaboration with Parks Canada scientists to examine in the influence of high density moose populations on forest bird communities in Gros Morne National Park. Many of my projects are conducted in collaboration or consultation with representatives of industry and government agencies, seeking to improve the management and sustainability of natural resource extraction.

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